Psychological Disorders Among Young Adults of Serwakai, District South Waziristan, Pakistan; Prevalence and Gender Differences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.v-iv.24216Keywords:
Psychological Disorders, Depression, Mania, Young Adults, Waziristan, Gender DifferencesAbstract
The aim of the study is to assess the Prevalence of Psychological Disorders in the district of South Waziristan, Pakistan, across Genders in the general population of the community. Using Stratified Sampling, the cross-sectional study was conducted in Serwakai Tehsil of District South Waziristan, Pakistan. The questionnaires Symptoms Checklist-Revised (SCL-R), Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), Drug Abuse Screening Tool– 10 Items (DAST-10), and The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were administered. For the screening of the participants, a Demographic sheet and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used. The total sample for the study was n= 707. Participants from all of the villages of Sarwekai Tehsil are young adults ranging in age from 18 to 35. The study concluded that depression and Mania are the prevailing disorders in the community of South Waziristan. It is prevalent in the same ratio as in other areas around the world. So, there is a serious need for attention to provide Psychiatric and Psychological services for the community of this area as these services are not provided in any Tehsil of the District.
References
Alamri, S. D. (2016). The effects of repeated reading strategies on Saudi Arabian 5th graders [Doctoral dissertation]. SUNY. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/139
Aziz, K. A., Sajwani, H. S., Galadari, M., Al-Ammari, A., AlHassani, J., Al-Nuaimi, N., ... & Aly El-Gabry, D. (2023). Psychiatric disorders in inpatient Ethiopian migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates. Transcultural Psychiatry, 60(6), 997-1004. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615231200855
Babazadeh, T., Sarkhoshi, R., Bahadori, F., Moradi, F., Shariat, F., & Sherizadeh, Y. (2016). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress disorders in elderly people residing in Khoy, Iran (2014-2015). Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine, 4(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.15171/jarcm.2016.020
Carta, M. G., Fineberg, N., Moro, M. F., Preti, A., Romano, F., Balestrieri, M., Caraci, F., Dell’Osso, L., Disciascio, G., Drago, F., Hardoy, M. C., Roncone, R., Minerba, L., Faravelli, C., & Angst, J. (2020). The burden of comorbidity between bipolar spectrum and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an Italian community survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00188
Ghanem, M., Gadallah, M., Meky, F. A., Mourad, S., & El-Kholy, G. (2009). National Survey of Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Egypt: preliminary survey. La Revue de Sante de La Mediterranee Orientale [Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal], 15(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.26719/2009.15.1.65
Ghuloum, S., Bener, A., & Abou-Saleh, M. T. (2011). Prevalence of mental disorders in adult population attending primary health care setting in Qatari population. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 61(3), 216–221.
Gustavson, K., Knudsen, A. K., Nesvåg, R., Knudsen, G. P., Vollset, S. E., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2018). Prevalence and stability of mental disorders among young adults: findings from a longitudinal study. BMC psychiatry, 18, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1647-5
Hussain, Z., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Problematic social networking site use and comorbid psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of recent large-scale studies. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 686. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00686
Khandelwal, S. K., Jhingan, H. P., Ramesh, S., Gupta, R. K., & Srivastava, V. K. (2004). India mental health country profile. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 16(1–2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260310001635177
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Mackenzie, C. S., Gekoski, W. L., & Knox, V. J. (2006). Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: the influence of help-seeking attitudes. Aging & Mental Health, 10(6), 574–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860600641200
Mirza, I., & Jenkins, R. (2004). Risk factors, prevalence, and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan: systematic review. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 328(7443), 794. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.794
Naveed, S., Waqas, A., Chaudhary, A. M. D., Kumar, S., Abbas, N., Amin, R., ... & Saleem, S. (2020). Prevalence of common mental disorders in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 573150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.573150
Nivoli, A. M. A., Murru, A., Goikolea, J. M., Crespo, J. M., Montes, J. M., González-Pinto, A., García-Portilla, P., Bobes, J., Sáiz-Ruiz, J., & Vieta, E. (2012). New treatment guidelines for acute bipolar mania: a critical review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 140(2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.015
Pearson, C., Janz, T., & Ali, J. (2013). Health at a glance: Mental and substance use disorders in Canada. Statistics Canada Catalogue, 1, 82-624. https://mdsc.ca/docs/MDSC_Quick_Facts_4th_Edition_EN.pdf
Rahman, N. K., Dawood, S., Rehman, N., Mansoor, W., & Ali, S. (2009). Standardization of Symptom Checklist-R on psychiatric and non psychiatric sample of Lahore city. Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(2), 21-32.
Sherman, S. G., Fuller, C. M., Shah, N., Ompad, D. V., Vlahov, D., & Strathdee, S. A. (2005). Correlates of initiation of injection drug use among young drug users in Baltimore, Maryland: the need for early intervention. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37(4), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2005.10399817
Simon, G. E., Goldberg, D. P., Von Korff, M., & Üstün, T. B. (2002). Understanding cross-national differences in depression prevalence. Psychological Medicine, 32(4), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005457
Skinner, H. A. (1982). Guide for using the drug abuse screening test (DAST). Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. https://socwel.ku.edu/sites/socwel/files/documents.pdf
Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Shafie, S., Chua, B. Y., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y. J., Shahwan, S., Chang, S., Chua, H. C., Verma, S., James, L., Kwok, K. W., Heng, D., & Chong, S. A. (2019). Tracking the mental health of a nation: prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in the second Singapore mental health study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29(e29), e29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000179
Zahidie, A., & Jamali, T. (2013). An overview of the predictors of depression among adult Pakistani women. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP, 23(8), 574–580. https://doi.org/08.2013/JCPSP.574580
